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Pertussis toxin (PTx) is a major virulence factor produced by Bordetella pertussis and, in its detoxified form PTd, is an important component of pertussis vaccines. The in vivo histamine sensitization test (HIST) is currently used for the safety testing of these vaccines. However, an alternative test is needed because of large assay variability and ethical concerns with regard to animal usage. PTx...
A panel of pertussis toxin (PT) preparations with varying levels of residual toxicity was prepared by treatment of native PT with formaldehyde (0-1.00% (w/v)) with the purpose of investigating the effects of residual toxicity on immunogenicity. The catalytically inactive mutant PT (PT-9K/129G) was used for comparison. Results from in vitro ADP-ribosyl transferase and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-cell...
The stability of tetanus toxoid released from experimental, slow-release microsphere vaccines was compared with that of free toxoid under different conditions over a 3 month period. The amount of antigenicity remaining, as measured by ELISA, correlated well with loss of toxoid structure, as determined by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. At 37°C and low pH, pH 2.5 for free toxoid,...
Abstract.Microspheres made from poly (lactic/glycolic acid) polymers have been considered as a new delivery system for single-dose tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccines. One of the most critical properties of the proposed vaccines is the loading and distribution of TT as this will have a profound effect on immunogenicity. As the concentration of TT in microspheres is very low sensitive assay methods are required...
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