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For many years, the presence of yessotoxins (YTXs) in shellfish has contributed to the outcome of the traditional mouse bioassay and has on many occasions caused closure of shellfisheries. Since YTXs do not appear to cause diarrhoea in man and exert low oral toxicity in animal experiments, it has been suggested that they should be removed from regulation. Before doing so, it is important to determine...
The main aim of this study was to examine absorption and pathological effects of a single sub-lethal dose of the marine biotoxin azaspiracid-1 (AZA1) in mice after oral intubation. When the mice received AZA1 at doses of 100, 200 or 300 μg/kg body weight (b.w.), the toxin was absorbed dose-dependently. Highest concentrations after 24 h were detected in kidneys, spleen and lungs, followed by liver...
The aim of the present study was to determine whether the intraperitoneal LD 50 for yessotoxin (YTX) in mice varies with strain or gender. Thirty-six male and 36 female mice, of body weight 16–20g, from each of the strains ICR (CD-1), Swiss (CFW-1) and NMRI were employed. They were not fasted before YTX treatment. At each dose, nine mice were injected with YTX solutions at 1.0mL/20g body weight,...
When substituting the mouse bioassay for lipophilic marine algal toxins in shellfish with analytical methods, science based factors of relative toxicity for all analogues that contribute to health risk to consumers are necessary.The aim of this paper is to establish the relative intraperitoneal toxicity of dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2) compared with okadaic acid (OA). The study was performed as an open,...
Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from Flødevigen Bay, Norway, in 2001 and 2002 were analysed for yessotoxins (YTXs) by ELISA and yessotoxin (YTX), 45-hydroxyYTX, and carboxyYTX by LC-MS. Results from the two methods were compared to evaluate the ELISA. The response in the ELISA was 3–13 times higher than LC-MS, probably due to the antibodies binding to other YTX analogues not included in the...
Pine tar samples from each out of six, successively filled barrels from a traditionally accomplished, yet temperature monitored, kiln production have been characterised by combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The relative abundance of resin- and fatty acids correlated in a distinctive way to the temperature development within the kiln, which made it possible to identify from which...
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