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•The consumption of alcoholic beverages injures the liver through concurrent tissue oxidation and suppression of reduced glutathione synthesis, activity, and recycling.•The acute consumption of any ethanol will increase the level of hepatic oxidative stress.•Ethanol potentiates the hepatic oxidative stress–steatosis–hepatitis–fibrosis–cirrhosis–carcinoma transformative continuum.•Even an acute single...
There are no indications to prescribed special diets for postoperative patients. Low-sodium and low-fat or low-cholesterol diets are examples of restricted diets, especially in patients with heart disease and atherosclerosis. These restricted diets are unpalatable. Postoperative nausea, paralytic ileus, and vomiting caused by residual anesthetic effects and opioids used for pain control further contribute...
We provide a practical approach to the complex management problem of chyle leaks that occur after surgical procedures or trauma, or when they occur spontaneously in association with malignancies. The volume of chyle loss causes significant problems due to loss of fluid, electrolytes, proteins, and lymphocytes, causing deleterious effects on wound healing and immunity. Enteral feeding is not always...
Obesity is a significant quality of life-impairing health problem affecting industrialized nations. However, despite carrying a large fat mass, some very obese individuals exhibit normal metabolic profiles (metabolically healthy obesity). The physiological factors underlying their protective and favorable metabolic profiles remain poorly defined.A search of the National Library of Medicine PubMed...
•Increased systemic oxidative stress contributes to accelerated telomere attrition. •Accelerated telomere attrition is associated with accelerated cellular aging, increased risk for degenerative diseases, and reduced longevity. •Reducing systemic oxidative stress attenuates accelerated telomere attrition and may reduce the risk for degenerative diseases and reduced longevity. •Increasing the intakes...
Parenteral nutrition (PN) that includes lipid emulsion is considered to increase both bacterial and fungal central venous catheter–related bloodstream infections. This concept is based on several erroneous metrics: Reports in age-old literature at a time when preparing PN admixtures lacked stringent quality control, when its infusion, the techniques of insertion, maintenance of vascular access devices,...
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is the most common surgical intervention for long-term weight loss in morbidly obese patients. By decreasing obesity-associated hyperfiltration, diabetes, and hypertension, RYGB is touted to stabilize, if not prevent, progression of chronic renal disease. To test this, the renal histology of diet-induced obese rats that underwent RYGB surgery was compared with...
In the severely obese, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) reverses diabetes before body weight loss occurs. We determined changes in protein expression of insulin receptor (IR), its substrates (IRS1 and IRS2), and their phosphorylated state (p-IR and p-IRS1/2) in skeletal muscle (SM), liver and adipose tissue (AT), and GLUT4 in SM and AT, 14 and 28 d after RYGB to gaining insight into the time-related...
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