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•The consumption of alcoholic beverages injures the liver through concurrent tissue oxidation and suppression of reduced glutathione synthesis, activity, and recycling.•The acute consumption of any ethanol will increase the level of hepatic oxidative stress.•Ethanol potentiates the hepatic oxidative stress–steatosis–hepatitis–fibrosis–cirrhosis–carcinoma transformative continuum.•Even an acute single...
Obesity is a significant quality of life-impairing health problem affecting industrialized nations. However, despite carrying a large fat mass, some very obese individuals exhibit normal metabolic profiles (metabolically healthy obesity). The physiological factors underlying their protective and favorable metabolic profiles remain poorly defined.A search of the National Library of Medicine PubMed...
•Increased systemic oxidative stress contributes to accelerated telomere attrition. •Accelerated telomere attrition is associated with accelerated cellular aging, increased risk for degenerative diseases, and reduced longevity. •Reducing systemic oxidative stress attenuates accelerated telomere attrition and may reduce the risk for degenerative diseases and reduced longevity. •Increasing the intakes...
The aim of this study was to assess the roles and importance of phosphatidylserine (PS), an endogenous phospholipid and dietary nutrient, in human brain biochemistry, physiology, and function.A scientific literature search was conducted on MEDLINE for relevant articles regarding PS and the human brain published before June 2014. Additional publications were identified from references provided in original...
Vitamin D deficiency, diagnosed when the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD3) concentration is less than 20 ng/mL, has joined vitamin A deficiency as two of the most common nutrition-responsive medical conditions worldwide. There have been more scientific articles published about vitamin D in the 21st century than about any other vitamin, reflecting the massive expansion of the field of vitamin D research...
The associations linking endothelial inflammation, endothelial oxidative stress, and atherogenesis and the potential for dietary phytonutrients to decrease the impact of these associations were assessed. A detailed literature review was conducted and summarized. A large body of scientific evidence describes the interactions among endothelial inflammation, endothelial oxidative stress, and atherogenesis...
The safety of daily consumption of vitamin D was examined. A detailed literature search was conducted using the search term vitamin D; primary and secondary sources of original data and meta-analyses and systematic reviews were evaluated and summarized. A large body of scientific evidence demonstrates that long-term daily intakes of 600 to 800 IU of vitamin D are insufficient to achieve and sustain...
The beneficial effects of human caffeine consumption deserve clarification.A detailed literature review was conducted and summarized.A large body of scientific evidence describes the beneficial effects of human caffeine consumption on a number of physiologic systems.The consumption of moderate amounts of caffeine 1) increases energy availability, 2) increases daily energy expenditure, 3) decreases...
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