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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an inevitable ingredient that influences the properties and performance of intumescent paints. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of TiO2 on the thermal insulation of waterborne intumescent paints. Five intumescent formulae with different weight ratios of TiO2 to ammonium polyphosphate (APP), including paint without TiO2 as a control sample was prepared....