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The detection of antibodies from blood sera is crucial for diagnostic purposes. Miniaturized protein assays in combination with microfluidic setups hold great potential by enabling automated handling and multiplexed analyses. Yet, the separate expression, purification, and storage of many individual proteins are time consuming and limit applicability. In vitro cell-free expression has been proposed...
The bacterial SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) complex binds nonspecifically to DNA in vitro and forms two discrete subcellular centers in vivo, one in each cell half. How this distribution is maintained is unclear. We show by time-lapse imaging of single molecules that the localization is achieved through limited, yet rapid movement of the SMC subunits through the nucleoid. Accessory ScpAB...
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate chemical communication between neurons at synapses. A variant iGluR subfamily, the Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), was recently proposed to detect environmental volatile chemicals in olfactory cilia. Here, we elucidate how these peripheral chemosensors have evolved mechanistically from their iGluR ancestors. Using a Drosophila...
In voltage-gated channels, ions flow through a single pore located at the interface between membrane-spanning pore domains from each of four subunits, and the gates of the pore are controlled by four peripheral voltage-sensing domains. In a striking exception, the newly discovered voltage-gated Hv1 proton channels lack a homologous pore domain, leaving the location of the pore unknown. Also unknown...
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