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In order to study the influence of estrogen on carboxylesterases, we investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol on CES1 (Ces1d) and CES2 (Ces1e) in human and mouse hepatocytes. After being treated with 17β-estradiol, the mRNA levels of CES1 and CES2 decreased by 29–39% and 28–55%, respectively, in the human hepatocytes from four donors. Consistently, the hydrolysis of para-nitrophenylacetate decreased...