Search results for: D. R. Livingstone

Items from 1 to 11 out of 11 results

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Toxicity and Elevation of 7-Ethoxyresorufin O-Deethylase Activity in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) Larvae Exposed to Contaminated Sea Surface Microlayer

L. D. Peters, S. C. M. OHara, J. Cleary, D. R. Livingstone

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology > 2001 > 66 > 6 > 814-820

article

Primary cell-culture of the digestive gland of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis: a time-course study of antioxidant- and biotransformation-enzyme activity and ultrastructural changes

C. Birmelin, R. K. Pipe, P. S. Goldfarb, D. R. Livingstone

Marine Biology > 1999 > 135 > 1 > 65-75

Abstract A primary culture of a mixed-cell population from the digestive gland of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis L. was developed for potential use in toxicological studies. Cells were maintained for up to 2 wk in a suspension culture, and their survival rate was monitored with regard to different cell types. No cell proliferation was observed. Smaller cell types survived with a viability of 50%...

article

Enzyme Effects and Metabolism of Fenitrothion in Primary Cell Culture of the Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii

C. Birmelin, E. Escartin, P. S. Goldfarb, D. R. Livingstone, more

Marine Environmental Research > 1998 > 46 > 1-5 > 375-378

The toxic action of the organophosphate pesticide fenitrothion via metabolism to fenitrooxon was investigated in isolated mixed-population cells from the hepatopancreas of the non-target organism Procambarus clarkii. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST; substrate: 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene), 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and acetylcholin esterase (AChE) specific activities (per mg protein) in...

article

Variation in Levels of Cytochrome P4501A, 2B, 2E, 3A and 4A-Immunopositive Proteins in Digestive Gland of Indigenous and Transplanted Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in Venice Lagoon, Italy

L. D. Peters, C. Nasci, D. R. Livingstone

Marine Environmental Research > 1998 > 46 > 1-5 > 295-299

Mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland microsomes were prepared from (i) indigenous populations sampled from a clean reference (Lido) and an urban-contaminated site (Salute) and (ii) mussels transplanted for up to 3 weeks from Lido to an industrial-contaminated site (CVE) in Venice Lagoon, Italy. Western blot analysis was performed using antibodies to five mammalian or fish CYP forms (1A, 2B,...

article

Development of Western Analysis of Oxidised Proteins as a Biomarker of Oxidative Damage in Liver of Fish

V. Fessard, D. R. Livingstone

Marine Environmental Research > 1998 > 46 > 1-5 > 407-410

Western analysis of non-peptide bond free carbonyls by derivatisation with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine was applied to hepatic proteins of fish as a potential biomarker of contaminant-mediated oxidative damage. Analysis of 1000 and 9000 g supernatants and sonicated hepatocytes of flounder (Platichthys flesus) liver revealed multiple free carbonyl-containing bands (approximate molecular weight 20-60...

article

Antioxidant enzyme activities in embryologic and early larval stages of turbot

L. D. Peters, D. R. Livingstone

Journal of Fish Biology > 1996 > 49 > 5 > 986-997

The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGPX; EC 1.11.1.9), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and DT-diaphorase (EC 1.6.99.2), plus total GPX activity (sum of SeGPX and Se-independent GPX activities), were studied in 13500g supernatants of embryos and 3-day and 11-day post-hatch larvae of turbotScophthalmus...

article

Benzo[a]pyrene Metabolism and Xenobiotic-Stimulated Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Subcellular Fraction of Larvae of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

L. D. Peters, S. C. M. O'Hara, D. R. Livingstone

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C: Comparative Pharmacology... > 1996 > 114 > 3 > 221-227

NADPH-dependent ³ H-benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) metabolism and basal and xenobiotic-stimulated NAD(P)--dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were investigated in 11,600 g supernatants of 4-day-old (yolk sac) larvae of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). BaP metabolites were resolved by HPLC and detected radiometrically. ROS were quantified by the iron-EDTA mediated production of hydroxyl...

article

Characterization of the Presence and Seasonal Variation of a CYP1A-Like Enzyme in Digestive Gland of the Common Mussel, Mytilus edulis

A. Nicola Wootton, P. S. Goldfarb, P. Lemaire, S. C. M. O'Hara, more

Marine Environmental Research > 1996 > 42 > 1-4 > 297-301

The presence and putative catalytic properties of a CYP1A-like enzyme in the digestive gland of Mytilus edulis L. were investigated by molecular biological and seasonal studies. Reverse-transcriptase PCR using oligonucleotide primers to amplify a sequence around the conserved haem binding cysteine region of hepatic CYP1A1 of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) produced several cDNA bands resolved by electrophoresis,...

article

Down-Regulation of Piscine Flavin-Containing Mono-Oxygenase Activity by Decreased Salinity in Euryhaline Flounder (Platichthys flesus)

D. Schlenk, L. D. Peters, D. R. Livingstone

Marine Environmental Research > 1996 > 42 > 1-4 > 339-343

Flavin-containing mono-oxygenases (FMOs) play a significant role in xenobiotic biotransformation in fish. However, endogenous functions of the enzyme have not been documented. Earlier studies in our laboratory indicated a relationship between FMO expression and osmoregulation in euryhaline fish. Consequently, in the present study, euryhaline flounder (Platichthys flesus) were exposed to three separate...

article

Differential expression and activity of flavin-containing monooxygenases in euryhaline and stenohaline flatfishes indicates potential osmoregulatory role

D. Schlenk, L. Peters, S. Shehin-Johnson, R. N. Hines, more

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C: Comparative Pharmacology... > 1995 > 112 > 2 > 179-186

N,N-Dimethylaniline (DMA) N-oxidase activity indicative of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) was examined in four tissues (liver, gill, muscle, and kidney) of the flounder (Platichthys flesus). Gill microsomes had the highest levels of activity (456 ± 343 pmol/min/mg), while kidney (121 ± 109) and liver (67 ± 26) had levels just above detection. A single faint band of a 56 kD protein was observed...

article

Pro-oxidant processes and antioxidant defence systems in the tissues of the Antarctic scallop (Adamussium colbecki) compared with the Mediterranean scallop (Pecten jacobaeus)

A. Viarengo, L. Canesi, P. Garcia Martinez, L. D. Peters, more

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular... > 1995 > 111 > 1 > 119-126

Antioxidant defences (scavengers, enzymes), pro-oxidant processes (in vitro NAD(P)H-dependent iron/EDTA-mediated hydroxyl radical ( OH) production and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation) were investigated in the tissues of the antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki (Smith, 1902) compared with a scallop species typical of temperate, mediterranean waters, Pecten jacobaeus L. Levels of free radical...

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