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The depositional setting for northern most Atlantic coral reef development during the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period is a gentle sloping mixed carbonate–siliciclastic ramp. Five core transects document the distribution of the reef complex in an area approximately 65 by 12 km, and nine repetitive depositional facies are identified. Paleoecological and sedimentological evidence documents facies development...
Obtaining high quality and easy to interpret horizontal slices of the shallow subsurface depends on how a 3D ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey is acquired and processed. A field site containing three basic target geometries of linear pipes, curvilinear roots, and small objects serves as a testbed. High-density 250 and 500 MHz single channel GPR surveys covering 250m2 were acquired to evaluate...
Rough Terrain GPR Antennae made of flexible hose are dragged along small trails to image near surface geology in field areas with dense vegetation and rugged topography. For accurate antenna midpoint coordinates between transmitter and receiver two miniature GPS receivers are attached to such a snake-like 50 MHz GPR antenna. During a three day field test on a Pleistocene highstand reef complex in...
Physical ecosystem engineers often make major, durable physical constructs that can provide living space for other species and can structure local animal communities over evolutionary time. In Florida, a medium sized chelonian, the Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) will excavate extensive subterranean chambers that can endure for long periods of time. The tortoise starts a ‘burrowing cascade’,...
Three thousand liters of water were infiltrated from a 4 m diameter pond to track flow and transport inside fractured carbonates with 20-40 % porosity. Sixteen time-lapse 3D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys with repetition intervals between 2 hrs and 5 days monitored the spreading of the water bulb in the subsurface. Based on local travel time shifts between repeated GPR survey pairs, localized...
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