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In this paper, a signal integrity aware TSV positioning method (SITP) is introduced. Grounded TSV proved to help eliminating TSV-to-TSV coupling. A trench based 3D IC placement method is developed, transforming 2D placement into 3D placement and perform signal TSV placement with flexible grounded TSV Insertion. IBM placement benchmark is used for original 2D placement. By evaluating wire-length and...
This paper forwards two TSV positioning algorithm named middle-cut positioning (MCP) and optimized area positioning (OAP). In 3D IC placement, TSV occupies cell area and its position does affect the real wire length which is ignored in previous works. Its effect should be considered by TSV based wirelength calculation and TSV positioning. Experiments are carried out on 2D-3D transformation of IBM...
This paper forwards a novel wire length calculation algorithm based on TSV position. Typical 2D wire length calculation method such as half-perimeter model does not take via position into account. But in 3D IC placement, TSV position does affect the real wire length which is ignored in previous works. To get accurate wire length data and help 3D placement researches, this paper forwards the TSV based...
More and more Chinese contractors have joined in the global construction market in recent years. How to evaluate and upgrade self competitiveness is always an important issue for numerous Chinese international contractors. This paper proposes an AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) model to analyze essential competitiveness factors which based on experts' evaluation opinions from the international construction...
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA) can inhibit monophenolase (IC50=0.79 mM) and activate diphenolase of mushroom tyrosinase with its increasing concentrations. The activation kinetics, analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots, indicated 4-HPA to be a competitive and uncompetitive mixed-type activator of diphenolase when L-DOPA was used as substrate. 4-HPA can not only inhibit the oxy form but also activate...
Novel membranes were prepared through covalently coupling of chitosan (CS) to activate nylon membrane after the reaction of the microporous nylon membrane with formaldehyde. Non-specific adsorption on the CS-coated nylon membrane decreased greatly. Yellow 3G-P/Reactive Red 120 were then covalently immobilized onto composite membrane as dye ligands. These Red 120/Yellow 3G-P-CS-membranes were used...
This study demonstrates that Aminoethylisothiourea (AET), a potent inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is an irreversible competitive inhibitor of the diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase when L-DOPA was assayed spectrophotometrically in vitro. The inhibition of diphenolase activity of tyrosinase by AET showed positive kinetic cooperativity which arose from the protection of...
Papain (EC 3.4.22.2) has been chemically modified using two reagents including different anhydrides of maleic and poly-maleic acids. The average ratio of modified-NH2 was tested by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) method. The native and modified papain were purified by dialysis and their structures were characterized by FTIR. The factor related with the activity of the modified papain, such as...
Nylon membranes are first hydrolyed with dilute HCl and then treated with chitosan before being used as the affinity carrier. Papain as a ligand has been immobilized on the activated membranes with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The factors involving with the activity of immobilized papain, such as concentration of glutaraldehyde, pH, temperature, reaction time, and the amount of added papain...
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