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RNA silencing is an innate cellular response involved in antiviral defense. Arabidopsis calmodulin-like protein 39 (At-rgsCaM) is related to known regulators of RNA silencing in tomato and Nicotiana tabacum. Geminivirus AL2 protein functions to suppress post-transcriptional and transcriptional gene silencing, possibly through induction of an endogenous regulator. In support of this, the At-rgsCaM...
Pathogenicity proteins (AL2/C2) of begomo- and curtoviruses suppress silencing through inhibition of the methyl cycle, as a consequence of inhibiting adenosine kinase (ADK). ADK phosphorylates cytokinin nucleosides, helping maintain a pool of bioactive cytokinins through interconversion of free-bases, nucleosides and nucleotides. We provide evidence that inhibiting ADK affects expression of primary...
The TrAP protein of bipartite begomoviruses activates the coat protein (CP) promoter in mesophyll and derepresses the promoter in vascular tissue through two sequences, located 60–125 bp and 1.2–1.5 kbp respectively, upstream of the CP gene. TrAP does not, however, exhibit specific binding to either sequence directly. We have identified a plant-specific DNA-binding protein, Arabidopsis PEAPOD2 (PPD2),...
We demonstrate that the AL2 gene of Cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) activates the CP promoter in mesophyll and acts to derepress the promoter in vascular tissue, similar to that observed for Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV). Binding studies indicate that sequences mediating repression and activation of the TGMV and CaLCuV CP promoter specifically bind different nuclear factors common to Nicotiana...
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