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The most common incidents of marine envenoming are inflicted by cnidarians, and the skin is the primary organ affected. Cnidarians have cnidocyte cells bearing organelles called nematocysts, and they inject a mixture of powerful toxins by skin contact. There have been several cases of jellyfish envenoming, and in some cases Portuguese man-o'war stings can be serious or even lethal. Here we report...
Halitoxin was previously isolated from the sponge Amphimedon compressa (= Haliclona rubens) from the Pacific Ocean. This toxin was recently identified in Amphimedon viridis, and it was partially characterized (Schimitz, 1978). In this work we isolated and characterized the halitoxin from A. viridis, and biological activities were studied. Sponge samples were collected on the north coast of Sao...