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Swine are an excellent large animal model for human health and disease because their size and physiology are similar to humans, in particular, with respect to the skin, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. In addition, the pig has many emerging technologies that will only enhance the development of the pig as the nonrodent biomedical model of choice.
The 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 enzymes (11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2), modulate glucocorticoid occupation of the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors by interconverting corticosterone and cortisol to the inactive metabolites 11-dehydrocorticosterone and cortisone within the target cells. The NAD + -dependent 11-HSD 2 in the kidney inactivates corticosterone and cortisol,...
The 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) enzymes convert corticosterone and cortisol to 11-dehydrocorticosterone and cortisone, and are thought to convey extrinsic specificity to the mineralocorticoid receptor by limiting access of the relatively more abundant glucocorticoids to it. Two different 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD) have been described and cloned. The liver-type, NADP...
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) selectivity for aldosterone is thought to be exerted by enzymes which inactivate competing glucocorticoids before they bind the receptor. Two different 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD) have been described. 11β-HSD-1 is NADP + -dependent and has a K m in the micromolar range and bidirectional activity. 11β-HSD-2 is NAD + -dependent,...
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