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Recent experiments point to two predominant forms of fatigue microdamage in bone: linear microcracks (tens to a few hundred microns in length) and “diffuse damage” (patches of diffuse stain uptake in fatigued bone comprised of clusters of sublamellar-sized cracks). The physiological relevance of diffuse damage in activating bone remodeling is not known. In this study microdamage amount and type were...
While the spatial activity of osteoblasts has been associated with modeling of bones during development, few studies have examined if variation in the spatial activity of osteoclasts also contributes to the morphogenesis of skeletal tissues. We examined this question by histomorphometric analysis and reconstructing the three-dimensional spatial distribution of osteoclasts in the femora of three inbred...
Osteocyte apoptosis has been linked to bone resorption resulting from estrogen depletion and other resorptive stimuli; however, precise spatial and temporal relationships between the two events have not been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to characterize the patterns of osteocyte apoptosis in relation to bone resorption following ovariectomy to test whether osteocyte apoptosis...
Sex steroid hormones are major determinants of bone morphology and quality and are responsible for sexually dimorphic skeletal traits. Hypogonadism results in suboptimal skeletal development and may lead to an increased risk of bone fracture later in life. The etiology of delayed puberty and/or hypothalamic amenorrhea is poorly understood, and experimental animal models addressing this issue are predominantly...
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mineralization on the mechanical properties of embryonic bone rudiments. For this purpose, four-point bending experiments were performed on unmineralized and mineralized embryonic mouse ribs at 16 and 17 days of gestational age. Young's modulus was calculated using force-displacement data from the experiment in combination with finite element...
Much attention has been given to the influences of bioactive factors on mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation, but few studies have examined the effect of mechanical factors on these cells. This study examined the effects of cyclic hydrostatic pressure on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells undergoing chondrogenic differentiation. Aggregates of bone marrow-derived...
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