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The stroma of human bone marrow contains a population of skeletal stem cells (hBM-MSC) which are common ancestors, among the others, of osteoblasts and adipocytes. It has been proposed that the imbalance between hBM-MSC osteogenesis and adipogenesis, which naturally accompanies bone marrow senescence, may contribute to the development of bone-associated diseases, like osteoporosis. The possibility...
Holding has been extensively investigated as a strategy to mitigate the inherently stochastic nature of public transport operations. Holding focuses on either regulating vehicle headways using a rule-based approach or minimizing passenger travel cost by employing optimization models. This paper introduces a holding decision rule that explicitly addresses passenger travel cost. The decision to hold...
This paper deals with the critical problem of solving both the traffic control and assignment problems simultaneously. The main purpose of this work is to assess two well-known local control policies - Equisaturation and P0 - in terms of network-wide performances. While local control policies are, indeed, key building blocks to network-wide approaches, little effort has been done to evaluate their...
The OD estimation procedure is of paramount importance in traffic engineering problems. However, existing procedures are built upon the well-known static OD estimation methods, with the result that in practice the estimated OD flows sometimes hardly reproduce current traffic conditions. In this paper we identify the reasons that can cause this problem. Further, we propose a novel density-based OD...
In literature there are several approaches to eliminate shock waves on freeways by means of dynamic speed limits. Most of them incorporate control systems that have a high computational complexity or that contain parameters without direct physical interpretation, which may make the application in real life difficult. Here we present an approach called SPECIALIST that is based on shock wave theory,...
Modeling realistic driving behavior at signalized intersections is crucial for many applications, for instance to determine the traffic signal performance, to assess the effect of different control strategies, or to estimate traffic emissions. In these applications, often microscopic models are used to simulate the trajectory of each vehicle. Despite the possibility to model vehicles with great detail...
In the Netherlands, a field operational test was conducted in 2006 to assess the impact of two advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), namely adaptive cruise control (ACC) and lane departure warning (LDW) systems. The research goal was to estimate the effects of these systems on road capacity, safety and emissions. In this paper we focus on the interaction between driver and ACC system using the...
The merging between molecular biology and computer science is becoming a key point in knowledge discovery, in particular when huge amount of data coming from different laboratories need to be integrated and analyzed. For example Tissue MicroArray (TMA) is a high throughput technology that allows researchers to analyze several tissue samples in a parallel way. TMA is a good validation method of researcher's...
The grid represents a great opportunity in the scientific community to solve data/compute intensive problems and to share data. Using the grid, different application domains could achieve great advantages; however, the exploitation of the grid is not a trivial pursuit for many users. The key issue is to enable a simplified use of grid resources and tools that scientists usually employ. In this paper,...
Lane flow distribution is one of the factors affecting the capacity of a road section operated by a traffic signal. It is common in practice to assume this distribution independent on the traffic conditions. This paper analyses the interdependency between the dynamics of queues at isolated signalised intersections and the lane-changing behaviour of vehicles. A queuing model, based on Markov Chain...
The calculation of delays at an intersection is an old problem that has been studied and solved by many researchers. This paper reanalyzes the problem by using a Markov chain model for the probability distribution of queue length. From the dynamics of the expectation value of the queue length, the authors derive a formula for the delay in fixed time traffic control. The effect of the overflow queue...
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