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Neuroscience advances have brought important ethical questions. The recent launch of two large brain projects, the United States BRAIN Initiative and the European Union Human Brain Project, should accelerate progress in understanding the brain. This article examines neuroethics in those two projects, as well as its exploration by other efforts.
There are sporadic reports that assorted combinations of B vitamins can alleviate pain in diabetic patients, but there is neither agreement on the relative efficacy of individual B vitamins nor understanding of the mechanisms involved. We therefore investigated the efficacy of a cocktail of the vitamins B1, B6 and B12 in alleviating behavioral indices of sensory dysfunction such as allodynia and hyperalgesia...
Diabetic rats show behavioral indices of painful neuropathy that may model the human condition. Hyperalgesia during the formalin test in diabetic rats is accompanied by the apparently paradoxical decrease in spinal release of excitatory neurotransmitters and increase in the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Decreased expression of the potassium-chloride co-transporter, KCC2, in the spinal cord promotes...
We investigated the effect of treatment with an aldose reductase inhibitor, insulin, or select neurotrophic factors on the generation of oxidative damage in peripheral nerve. Rats were either treated with streptozotocin to induce insulin-deficient diabetes or fed with a diet containing 40% d-galactose to promote hexose metabolism by aldose reductase. Initial time course studies showed that lipid peroxidation...
We have previously demonstrated that the prosaposin-derived 14-mer peptide TX14(A) prevents structural and functional abnormalities associated with peripheral neuropathy in diabetic rats. Unusually, this neuroprotective peptide also exhibited acute anti-hyperalgesic properties in the same model, suggesting a dual action of TX14(A) that could allow therapeutic targeting of both degenerative neuropathy...
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