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In this paper, the effect of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) on MBUs sensitivity of 65 nm bulk technology memories is analyzed and simulated by Geant4. A MTTF reliability model including NBTI stress time is proposed for memories protected by error correction codes (ECCs). Both cases of scrubbing and nonscrubbing are considered. By using the proposed model, the predicted MTTF results align...
System restoration involves status assessment, optimization of generation capability and load pickup. The optimization problem needs to take complex constraints into consideration and, therefore, it is not practical to formulate the problem as one single optimization problem. The other critical consideration for the development of decision support tools is its generality, i.e., the tools should be...
Ensuring the reliable operation of the power grid is more challenging, and vital, than ever. Industry restructuring presents transmission system planners with a range of uncertainties that traditional methods cannot address. EPRI's Probabilistic Reliability Assessment (PRA) program offers energy companies new, more-accurate tools for assessing grid reliability under restructured market conditions...
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