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Deploying the so-called ‘Streaking Spectroscopy’ technique at LCLS, we demonstrate a non-invasive scheme for temporal characterization of X-ray pulses with sub-femtosecond resolution. Analyzing the substructure indicates pulse durations on the order of hundreds of attoseconds.
We report the synthesis, sampling and tailoring of ultrafast optical transients of light spanning over 1.5 octaves and their first application in attosecond experiments. Extension of the synthesizer to the deep ultraviolet is being demonstrated.
Electron dynamics in atoms [1] molecules and condensed matter are typically clocked in tens to thousands of attoseconds. Real-time control of these dynamics requires the exertion of electric or magnetic fields controllable in strength and in direction on that time scale. Such precisely controlled fields can become available via waveform synthesis of continuous (to warrant isolated structures in the...
Characterization of intense light pulses approaching the single-cycle regime is currently hindered by the limited resolution of available metrological techniques. However if attosecond sampling of the electric field (1) of such pulses is employed, access into the fine features of their waveform opens up new possibilities for precise temporal shaping and control. We demonstrate that due to this capability,...
This paper presents a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) operating up to 250degC and usable as a simple frequency modulation (FM) transmitter in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The device is a simple LC oscillator which uses the channel depletion capacitance as a variable capacitor controlled by the gate voltage VG to enable the sustained oscillating behaviour of a tank circuit. The context of operation,...
This paper presents a practical approach applied in the design of an electronically reconfigurable 12 stub impedance tuner based on commercially available MEMS RF switching technology. The designed device shows good impedance matching performance as well as power handling capabilities such that it can be applied to tactical communication systems. Simulated and measured results are presented.
Planning HVDC facilities presents special physical and commercial challenges, especially in systems with deregulated markets. This paper describes some of the issues that must be addressed to successfully plan and operate an HVDC facility. Three case studies are discussed. It is beneficial to implement procedures that are as simple as possible yet maximize the secure and economical operation of the...
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