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Attosecond-streaking spectroscopy [1], has given real-time access to photoionization delays of atoms in the gas phase [2], and the additional effects of electron transport processes through atomic layers and interfaces of solid-state systems [3, 4]. Here, we report on the first attosecond-streaking experiments on liquid samples. We have realized attosecond-streaking photoelectron spectroscopy on water...
Nonlinear photoionization with energetic FEL pulses has opened up new horizons for the investigation of inner-shell electron dynamics in atomic and molecular systems [1]. So far, however, the limited temporal resolution (typically a few tens of femtoseconds) achievable with FELs has hampered the time resolution of these dynamics.
Deploying the so-called ‘Streaking Spectroscopy’ technique at LCLS, we demonstrate a non-invasive scheme for temporal characterization of X-ray pulses with sub-femtosecond resolution. Analyzing the substructure indicates pulse durations on the order of hundreds of attoseconds.
We present a spectrogram-based timing technique for x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) that reports x-ray/optical delay below 1 fs RMS error to correct for timing jitter.
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