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The effects of a ketogenic diet in controlling seizure activity have been proven in many studies, although its mechanism of action remains elusive in many regards. We hypothesize that the ketogenic diet may exert its antiepileptic effects by influencing tryptophan (TRP) metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of octanoic and decanoic fatty acids (FAs), the main components...
The neurosteroids, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and androsterone, are implicated in drug addictions. We examined their influence on locomotor activity and reward in male Wistar rats, and on steroid and monoamine metabolism in the hippocampus and striatum. In the open field test, DHEAS injections (10, 40, 80 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior the test had no significant effect on ambulation, but androsterone...
It might seem obvious that pain sensitivity would predict individual, inborn susceptibilities to aversive stimuli and the strength of fear-conditioned responses. Such relationships are based on the assumption that there is a close association between fear-evoked behavioral reactions and the responses to painful, aversive stimuli. However, this problem has not been systematically studied. To this end,...
In the present study the effects of a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (125 μg, i.c.v.), on the expression and reconsolidation of pentylenetetrazol-induced kindled seizures, were studied in rats. Cycloheximide given repeatedly (every second day) to fully kindled rats, immediately after 4 consecutive sessions of PTZ-seizures, did not modify the strength of subsequent fi ts of convulsions...
Our previous study showed that the neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) alters the rewarding effects of cocaine. Because DHEAS is metabolized to androsterone, which has opposite synaptic activity, we wondered about contribution of androsterone to the above phenomenon. Here we examined androsterone’s effect on the rewarding properties of cocaine in CPP test. Male Wistar rats (250–300...
DHEAS is endogenous allosteric antagonists of the GABA(A) receptor and has other direct and indirect actions in CNS. It is metabolized to other neuroactive steroids. Prior studies revealed an ambiguous role of DHEA(S) in cocaine dependence, suggesting interactions with cocaine effects in the brain. This preclinical study was undertaken to evaluate direct infl uence of DHEAS on the rewarding effects...
Previous studies showed that high plasma levels of endogenous DHEAS correlated with resiliency and ability of cocaine addicts to maintain prolonged abstinence after the therapy (Wilkins et al. 2005), while addicts treated with high dose of exogenous DHEA used more cocaine that those administered placebo (Shoptaw et al. 2004). Such ambiguous outcomes could be due to mixed actions of DHEAS and its metabolite,...
The amino-adamantane derivatives memantine (1-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane) and amantadine (1-amino-adamantane) are relatively low affinity, uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists which have been used clinically in the treatment of dementia and Parkinson's disease respectively for several years without serious side effects. The aim of this study was to test whether memantine,...
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