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In the late 1980s independent work by Felgner and Behr pioneered the use of cationic materials to complex and deliver nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. Since this time, a vast number of synthetic transfection vectors, which are typically divided into two main “transfectors”, have been developed namely: (1) cationic lipids and (2) polycationic polymers. In this chapter the main synthetic approaches...
Digital control of power converters has been an area of considerable research interest in recent times. One of the problems which arises in these systems is that of the limit cycle oscillations that occur due to quantization in the feedback loop. This paper investigates the limit cycle oscillations that occur in the digitally controlled version of the buck converter with a proportional-integral controller...
We describe the mathematical model of a digitally controlled buck converter. This model is an autonomous discrete-time discontinuous piecewise-linear dynamical system in three dimensions. Investigating this system, we find its equilibrium points, describe the shape and size of possible limit cycles (i.e. stable periodic motions), and derive conditions for their existence and non-existence.
Secure systems are intrinsically dependent on secure software. Creating secure software is no simple task and every aspect of the software development lifecycle has to be taken into account. In this article we focus on security in the software implementation phase and present a number of techniques that enable the formal checking of security properties at software development time. We give an overview...
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