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A series of urban wastewater in one WWTP of Xi'an, China was picked to investigate the mechanism of representative heavy metals removal by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Under determine the six different heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Hg, As) and SS concentrations of the effluent of the fine screen, sand chamber, oxidation ditch and secondary sedimentation settler, it is wished to find the kinetics...
The paper studies the effect of the adhesive mass in the cantilever beam dynamic. In this paper, this determines the adhesive mass by using the adhesive material volume. The adhesive volume estimation is the semi-sphere volume. The adhesive volume in the cantilever beam can be determined by using the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM). From the analysis result, this can be found that the effect...
Electromigration results are described for a dual damascene structure with copper metallization and a low-k dielectric material. The failure times follow a bimodal lognormal behavior with early and late failures. Moreover, there is evidence of a threshold failure time such that each failure mode is represented by a 3-parameter lognormal distribution. It is found that the threshold failure time scales...
The reliability of a two-level electromigration structure stressed under various conditions is described. The structure consists of Cu dual damascene metallization with SiCOH as the low-k dielectric. A new electromigration test system is implemented to greatly increase the sample size without significantly increasing the hardware requirements. Due to the presence of two failure modes, the statistical...
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