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The demand of energy is growing rapidly in response of the development of the world. The crucial solution of large amount of energy is to harvest alternative source of energy. Sustainable development can be possible by harvesting solar energy as it is smoke free, clean and environment friendly. For low cost, non-toxic and earth abundant feature, CZTS solar cell is very prominent to generate solar...
In modern civilization, the solar energy as renewable energy is chosen for the generation of the clean and green energy which is very reliable in response of sustainable development. The SnS is a binary semiconductor compound which has very favourable optoelectronic properties for lost cost thin film solar cell. Therefore, the researchers have great attention to investigate the ultra-thin SnS solar...
Thin films of ZnO were deposited on cleaned soda lime glass substrates by using RF magnetron sputtering technique for deposition time of 20mins, 40mins, 60mins, 80mins and 100mins at room temperature. The structural and electrical properties of ZnO thin films were obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Hall Effect measurement. XRD results confirm the presence of (002)...
This paper numerically explores the possibility of high efficiency, ultrathin and stable ZnCdTe (CZT) polycrystalline solar cell using well accepted simulator AMPS-1D. The base line structure of the ZnCdTe cell (Glass/ITO/CdS/ZnCdTe/Back Contact) was the beginning point of this work and further this base line structure was modified to achieve ultrathin, higher efficiency and stable solar cell. In...
Firstly, Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) thin films have been deposited on cleaned soda lime glass substrates at 300°C by using the RF magnetron sputtering technique. After that, Cu thin film was deposited for 5 minutes at 200°C on top of CdCl2 treated CdTe thin films by sputtering. Subsequently, CdTe and Cu stacks were annealed at 400°C for 15 minutes, 20 minutes and 25 minutes in a vacuum furnace. The...
Laser annealing of CdTe thin films with two different wavelengths has been studied in this work. The CdTe thin films were grown by thermal evaporation at a deposition current of 28A and then subjected to post deposition laser annealing at two different wavelengths of 532nm (green) and 1064nm + 532nm (infrared + green). The other parameters like laser output energy, stage velocity and pulse repetition...
In this paper, a modified structure for CdTe thin film solar cell was proposed by numerical analysis with an addition of a novel ZnO buffer to improve the conversion efficiency. The CdS window layer was reduced to 50 nm together with the insertion of zinc oxide (ZnO) as the buffer layer to prevent forward leakage current. The thickness of CdTe absorber layer was varied from 1000 nm to 5000 nm and...
Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) is a promising candidate to be an alternative buffer layer to the commonly used cadmium sulphide (CdS) in CZTS solar cells. In this study, buffer layer parameters like layer thickness and buffer layer bandgap have been investigated by Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS-1D) to find out the higher conversion efficiency. A promising result has been achieved...
The efficiency of CdTe based solar cell can be increased using ternary CdZnTe material as absorber layer. Cd1−xZnxTe has tunable bandgap depending on the composition. In this work the bandgap of CdZnTe layer (1.57 eV) which is in the optimum range, can be achieved with Zn composition of x=0.1. First the carrier concentration of absorber layer in the baseline case is increased then the thicknesses...
In this paper, an electromagnetic millimeter wave is incident upon periodic chiral-chiral metamaterial structure, embedded in fractional dimension space. An exact solution for reflectance and transmittance in D dimension space is obtained using transfer matrix method. The results computed for fractional dimension are compared with integer dimensional for both the cases of normal and oblique incidences...
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films have been deposited by co-sputtering technique from a CZTS and ZnS target on top of glass substrate aiming to increase the Zn content on the CZTS thin films. The prepared sample was annealed at 500 °C in a high vacuum (50mTorr) ambient for 20 min. of duration. Structural, compositional, and electrical properties of the prepared films were carried out in this study. The...
Thin films of ZnS were deposited on cleaned soda lime glass substrates by using thermal evaporation and RF magnetron sputtering techniques. For thermal evaporation, a boat-substrate distance of 4cm was maintained. In case of sputtering, the deposition was done at a substrate temperature of 400°C. A comparative study of the structural and optical properties of the thin films prepared from both the...
Cadmium Telluride thin films have been deposited on FTO coated glass substrates by using the sputtering and thermal evaporation technique. CdTe thin film was firstly grown by sputtering at a substrate temperature 300°C, as well as CdTe thin film was also deposited by thermal evaporation technique. The grown films from both processes were annealed in a vacuum furnace of nitrogen ambient at pressure...
Multijunction tandem solar cells from compound materials are highly attractive for higher cell efficiency need to be applied in space applications. In this work, numerical simulations were conducted with novel promising InGaN compound material by utilizing AMPS simulator to explore the possibility of higher efficiency of the multi-junction tandem solar cell. This simulation was done with the different...
Recently Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber layer research shows extensive influential factors to replace expensive CIGS absorber layer. In this work, potential buffer layers for CZTS solar cells like ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, and InS as replacement to conventional CdS buffer layer are numerically analysed. Among all the used structures, ZnS/ CZTS structure shows an optimum efficiency of 13.71 % (with Voc= 0.78 V, J...
Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films have been deposited using a single target sputtering technique. Molybdenum coated soda lime glass has been used as substrates. The effects of substrate temperature variation are the main motive of this work. Growth temperature ranging from 300 °C to 450 °C was used as different substrate temperature whereas all other sputtering parameters remained same. A comparative study of...
Entity Relationship (ER) model for database design was developed by Peter Chen of MIT in 1976. This is an intuitive and conceptual representation of the data model. It is normally represented as an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), which is a graphical representation of the ER model. From this ERD, the Entity Relationship Schema (ERS) for the database shows the tables, their associated attributes,...
Virtualization, as a process, differs from the Hypervisor that is the software that makes the process possible. By the proper utilization of hypervisors agility, flexibility and efficiency may be gained in engineering hands-on education. Layered accreditation and certification impose additional challenges on engineering and cyber security programs. Consequently, there is an extra degree of oversight,...
Zinc sulphide thin films have been deposited on FTO coated glass substrates using the sputtering and chemical bath deposition techniques. ZnS thin film is at first grown by CBD using a aqueous solution of thioria, ammonia, ammonium chloride and zinc chloride, respectively; whereas ZnS thin film is also grown from sputtering technique at a substrate temperature 300 °C. The grown films from the both...
This paper presents the significant role deposition pressure plays in the deposition of high quality ITO films by RF magnetron sputtering. ITO target was sputtered onto bare sodalime glass under various deposition conditions. Particularly, the deposition pressure was varied against several other parameters, until the best film characteristics were obtained. The deposited films were characterized using...
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