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While Ediacaran cap dolostones research is a hot topic, detailed sedimentological analysis of barite‐bearing cap dolostones remains scarce. Here, new data are presented from Xiangerwan in northern Three Gorges, South China, to illustrate the sedimentary characteristics, depositional environment and formation mechanism of the barite‐bearing cap dolostone. In ascending order, the succession is divided...
Claudin-4 (CLDN4) is a member of the claudin transmembrane protein family, which consists of integral membrane proteins that are components of the epithelial cell tight junctions; these tight junctions regulate movement of solutes and ions through the paracellular space. CLDN4 is also a differentiation marker and is believed to indicate an epithelial phenotype. However, the role of CLDN4 in laryngeal...
In this paper, a damage and fracture model of brain parenchyma is proposed for a haptic brain surgery simulation. It is assumed that microscopic damage begins by von Mises yield criterion, and the microscopic damage grows rate in proportion to volume strain. Tensile tests with two different strain rate were conducted using porcine brain parenchyma (tensile velocities: 0.1 (mm/s) and 1.0 (mm/s), mean...
This paper presents a viscoelastic model of brain parenchyma which is based on the generalized Maxwell model but considers also inertial force. The proposed model is implemented in finite element method (FEM). The viscoelastic behavior of brain parenchyma was confirmed by stress relaxation tests using porcine brain parenchyma. The stress relaxation characteristics were measured at strain 0.1, 0.2...
Dissection and removal of lesion area are fundamental operations in brain surgery. In order to correctly reproduce dissection and removal in brain surgery haptic simulation, mechanical properties of brain tissue must be investigated. In this work, porcine brains are used as specimens. Mechanical properties such as density, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, damping coefficient, and fracture stress...
In recent medical field, surgical simulators with the technique of virtual reality are expected to provide a new means to support the surgical front. We have developed a simulation for brain surgery using a dynamic deformation model. Most of physics models, including the dynamic deformation model, are required to identify the physical properties of target tissues. In this research, we identified physical...
In recent medical field, surgical simulation with the technique of virtual reality is expected to provide a new means for surgical training. In this research, we developed a simulation for brain surgeries, in which dynamic deformation model is used for describing dissection involved. Thus, in this research, the effect of the speed and acceleration of surgical tools is considered in the calculation...
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