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An eight‐node 24‐DOF nonconforming brick element is developed. It contains nine internal modes, including quadratic and cubic forms, wherein each local coordinate component is at most quadratic. The reverse adjustment to patch test is applied to quadratic modes to eliminate shear locking. To rectify the ill‐condition of the element stiffness matrix caused by irregular element shape such as large aspect...
The MacNeal slender beam was calculated under several equivalent treatments respectively with Q4 element, the results showed evident differences of about only three significant digits around each other. These equivalent treatments include equivalent stiffness method and equivalent load method for beam's thickness, changing elasticity Modulus E and load F in proportion, changing node numbering, different...
This paper challenges the classification approaches of service innovation which appear since the beginning of service innovation studies. The analysis aims to clarify the typology of service innovation, which helps to build the foundation of further research on service innovation. The approach in this paper is both theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part we examine the different theories...
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