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Background and Aim
Several experts of direct peroral videocholangioscopy (D‐PVCS) using a conventional ultraslim endoscope have reported its usefulness for the diagnosis and therapy of biliary tract diseases. We have additionally developed a dedicated double‐bending D‐PVCS technique for freehand scope insertion. In this study, we developed an ex vivo training model for the freehand double‐bending...