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Likelihood ratio (LR) plays an important role in estimating the weight of evidence in firearm evidence identifications. LR is computed from a statistical model including the distribution of the known‐matching (KM or within) and known‐nonmatching (KNM or between) comparison scores. Current LR procedures rely on KM/KNM scores from existing reference firearm toolmark data sets or alternatively from generating...
The congruent matching cells (CMC) method was invented at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2012 for automatic and objective firearm evidence identifications and estimation of the weight of evidence in firearm evidence identifications. Since 2013, five CMC algorithms have been developed at NIST. In this paper, the virtual image standard (VIS) is proposed through trimming...
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