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In this paper, CST-MS was used to model and simulate an Ultra wideband TEM horn antenna using an UWB feeding mechanism. Model views are shown and the results of frequency domain simulation up to 5 GHz are plotted for the UWB TEM horn antenna. The feed and the TEM horn were simulated for various characteristics like frequency domain reflections, VSWR, insertion loss, radiation pattern and gain etc...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) aim to fulfill the need for reliable and fault-tolerant sensing services. This has made wireless sensor networks a very active research area. SMAC is an energy efficient sensor MAC protocol. An S-MAC problem is that border nodes have to adopt multiple sleeping schedules, which speed up the energy depletion of border nodes. In this paper, S-MACL is proposed to overcome...
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has recently emerged as a nature inspired algorithm for real parameter optimization. This article describes a method for improving the final accuracy and the convergence speed of PSO by adding a new coefficient to the position updating equation and modulating the inertia weight. This work also mathematically analyzes the effect of this modification on the PSO algorithm...
In this paper, CST-MS was used to model and simulate an ultra wideband Impulse radiating antenna using high voltage feeding mechanism. Model views are shown and the results of frequency domain simulation up to 7 GHz are plotted for the UWB Impulse Radiating antenna. The feed and the IRA were simulated for various characteristics like frequency domain reflections, VSWR, insertion loss, radiation pattern...
The problem of optimal channel assignment has become increasingly important because of available frequency spectrum and increasing demand for cellular communication services. This has been shown to be an Np complete optimization problem. Many heuristic approaches including neural network, simulated annealing and genetic algorithm have been used to solve it. In this paper we propose a novel and efficient...
In the nano-scaled technologies, increasing sub-threshold leakage, dynamic power and degrading SNM pose major hurdle for future generation circuits, especially in SRAM arrays. In this paper, a novel high write speed, low power, read-SNM-free 6T SRAM cell is presented. Simulation using 128 times 16 SRAM array in 90 nm CMOS technology shows that the cell can achieve 64% faster write operation than the...
The real-time voltage stability analysis (RTVSA) project is slated to be a part of the suite of computational tools needed for congestion management in the California ISO (CAISO). This is because the problems of voltage stability will be magnified by the effects of multi-transfers through the network. These simultaneous transfers are manifest due to the buying and selling of electric power when the...
Electricity markets that have adopted nodal locational marginal pricing schemes decompose prices into three components. These components relate to generation, congestion and losses. The usual scheme of pricing follows the mandate that when the market clears, every node is assigned the same value for the generation component. And so it follows that the difference in price across any pair of nodes is...
In this paper, the relevance of the state estimator (SE) solution used in real time operations and the availability and performance criteria used to determine SEpsilas readiness for these applications for grid security and market operations at California ISO (CAISO) are discussed. In order to enhance the performance of the SE, CAISO updated the SE algorithm from the fast decoupled (FD) method to the...
Graphene, a recently discovered form of carbon, revealed many unique properties, including extremely high electron mobility of ~15000 cm2/Vs at room temperature (RT). We have experimentally studied the thermal conductivity of graphene suspended over a trench in silicon (Si) wafer. It was found for a given set of samples that RT thermal conductivity of graphene is in the range ~ 3080 - 5150 W/mK. The...
A Ku-band 140 W space TWT of gain (>55 dB), electronic efficiency (>24%), collector efficiency (>75%), overall efficiency (>55%), I/M components (<-12 dBc) for frequency 10.9-11.7 GHz has been designed and developed for satellite communication system. This paper presents critical design issues and approach related to different assemblies like electron gun, PPM focusing, helix SWS, input...
With reducing feature sizes, SRAM stability has become a major concern for future technologies. This critical issue can be solved by using highly stable separate bit-line read SRAM cell, but access time improvement becomes critical, since differential sense amplifier cannot be used for single bit-line read operation. In this paper, a novel pseudo differential single ended current mode sense amplifier...
As the feature size of transistors gets smaller, fabricating them becomes challenging. Manufacturing process follows various corrective design-for-manufacturing (DFM) steps to avoid shorts/opens/bridges. However, it is not possible to completely eliminate the possibility of such defects. If spare units are not present to replace the defective parts, then such failures cause yield loss. In this paper,...
This paper presents a single chip encryp- tor/decryptor core implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-Rijndael) cryptosystem. The suggested architecture is capable of handling all possible combinations of standard bit lengths (128,192,256) of data and key. The fully rolled inner- pipelined architecture ensures lesser hardware complexity. The architecture does reutilize precomputed blocks,...
Meeting power and performance requirement is a challenging task in high speed ALUs. Supply voltage scaling is promising because it reduces both switching and active power but it also degrades robustness. Recently, researchers have proposed novel design technique for linear time complexity adders that maintain high yield and high clock frequency even at scaled supply voltage. The idea is based on the...
This paper presents the time domain studies of a wideband trans-receive antenna system consisting of a quarter-wave monopole loaded with an annular dielectric resonator antenna. This antenna has recently become attractive to antenna designers due to its broadband characteristics. However, while using this antenna in ultra wideband trans receive system, the time domain characterization of the whole...
Active photonic devices like efficient light emitters and high speed modulators using Si and other group IV materials are difficult to realize due to indirect nature of band gap in silicon, germanium and their alloys. At present, efficient light emission has been observed by exploiting stimulated Raman scattering in silicon that needs optical pumping. An alternate route has been found recently that...
A novel technique to compute the antenna factor of a planar antenna, using surface integral equation is presented. The experimental nature of conventional antenna factor determining methods demand, that the actual experiment be carried under the same conditions under which the EMC antenna calibration was carried out. Antenna Factor data computed through analytical techniques aids in eliminating this...
In this paper, we have calculated the external quantum efficiency of Ge rich Si1-x-yGexCy on Si photodetectors at 1.3 mum assuming a large absorption coefficient of 2000 cm-1 and 5000 cm-1. For this purpose, the existing theory of band gap and band offset of ternary SiGeC alloy grown on Si as well as the reported absorption data for the Si0.11Ge0.88C0.01 alloy has been used. The work involves the...
High energy light ion (HELI) irradiation has been used for modification and engineering of defects in semiconductors. Different structural and electrical characterizations have been employed to monitor the effect of irradiation. We have shown that the energy lost by HELI in GaAs and InP is not sufficient to introduce bulk defects in GaAs. In contrast, defect creation and annihilation scales with the...
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