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Foreign ownership of government debt has increased steadily over the past 30 years with the globalization of financial markets. The increased availability of foreign borrowing may make it easier for countries to pursue bellicose policies by altering the cost–benefit calculations associated with international conflict, giving rise to an underappreciated link between globalization and military action...
Helfstein, Scott. (2011) Backfire: Behavioral Decision Making and the Strategic Risks of Successful Surprise. Foreign Policy Analysis, doi: 10.1111/j.1743‐8594.2011.00165.x
States attempting surprise attacks usually achieve tactical success in catching an opponent unprepared. Many studies of surprise do not look beyond the opening bolt from the blue to examine the impact of surprise based on the broader...
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