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Local anesthetics have anti‐inflammatory effects. Because most previous experiments were performed with supra‐therapeutic concentrations, we measured the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of bupivacaine on the Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐ and TLR2‐myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)‐nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cell (NF‐κB) pathways. We measured...