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Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are instructed for critical applications like military surveillance and underwater oil spills that conducted in a very massive three‐dimensional (3‐D) space that needs many underwater nodes (UNs) to cover the target area. Those UNs are not easy to recharge and cannot exploit solar power. MAC protocols deployed for UWSN ought to consider the energy efficiency, so...
Recently an extensive deployment of small cell Networks (SCNs) called two tier-heterogeneous networks have been proposed, especially for dense urban zone. Therefore, Macro Cell Networks containing a hyper density of SCNs distributed randomly within it will emerge the field. The benefits of two tier Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are realized through the traffic flooding via small cells. To enhance...
Recently Underwater wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have been suggested as a powerful technology for many civilian and military applications, such that tactical surveillance. Geographic routing that uses the position information of nodes to route the packet toward a destination is preferable for UWSNs. In this paper, we propose a New Greedy Forwarding (NGF) strategy using splitting mechanism based...
Recently Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have been suggested as a powerful technology for many civilian and military applications, such as tactical surveillance. The most important issue in these networks is the communication, mainly due to the presence of fading, multi-path and refractive properties of the sound channel, this necessitate the development of precise underwater channel model for...
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