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Introduction
The characteristic features of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests collected from female‐to‐male (FTM) transgender patients on androgen therapy have not been well defined in the literature. FTM transgender patients require cervical cancer screening with the same recommended frequency as cis‐gender females. Dysplasia remains challenging to differentiate from atrophy. Without pertinent history, the...
ObjectiveThe 2001 Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology includes documenting 'endometrial cells in women ≥40 years of age‘ (E40) to help identify endometrial carcinoma (EC) on a Papanicolaou (Pap) test. The 2014 Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology raises the threshold to ≥45 years of age (E45). As many of these women are menstruating, routine biopsy after E40, or even E45, may...
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