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Frequency-selective exposimeters were used to evaluate stationary and mobile components of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation in the public accessible environment, with respect to the location in the urban area and intensity of mobile communication traffic. It was found that in the crowded public space the uplink mobile component of exposure and wide-band internet access may be at...
The body shadow effect (BSE) is defined as the underestimation in logged data by personal exposimeters (PEMs) when the PEM is worn by the user (on-body location) that obstructs the direct signal path between the measuring device and the radiation source. This study considers the levels of exposure at 2.4 GHz, measured by PEMs, as a received signal composed of three fading components: path loss, local...
Smart metering systems using the wireless transfer of data to control the consumption of various public utilities are among the sources of localised electromagnetic exposure in a healthcare environment. The environmental health and safety impact of this technology is under public concern. Our study focuses on the international evaluation of parameters characterising localised hot-spot exposure near...
Personal exposimeters (PEMs) are personal devices typically used to measure the personal exposure to an electric field (E-field). Several uncertainties regarding PEMs have been identified: disturbance due to the presence of the user, known as body shadow effect (BSE), the incomplete identification of the radiation source, and a lower limit of the sensitivity range. This work tackles the BSE, and the...
Despite the ubiquity of technologies using Radio Frequencies (RF), concerns arise in relation with the exposure from different RF sources and their relative impact on human health. National governments and health authorities have adopted measures to prevent and minimize risks associated to electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. In this work, the EMF leakage levels of nonionizing radiation from a microwave...
Wireless transceivers and Body Area Networks (BAN) will play a fundamental role in the adoption of context aware environments with application in multiple scenarios as healthcare, where the introduction of wireless communication systems can promote the improvement in the efficiency of patient care and health management, resulting in the definition of smart health (s-Health) concept. Typically BAN...
Personal exposure meters (PEMs) used for measuring exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) are typically used in epidemiological studies. As is well known, these measurement devices cause a perturbation of real EMF exposure levels due to the presence of the human body in the immediate proximity. This paper aims to model the alteration caused by the body shadow effect (BSE) in motion conditions and...
The use of different wireless communication systems operating in vehicular environments is growing rapidly. Most of these systems have been focused on providing comfort and security, and low consumption wireless technologies offered the possibility of implantation of intra-vehicular networks using ZigBee or Bluetooth, which coexist with long distance communication systems like mobile telephony systems...
In the last decade the number of wireless devices operating at the frequency band of 2.4 GHz has increased in several settings, such as: healthcare, occupational and household. The working conditions of a Wi-Fi module have been analyzed. The levels of electromagnetic (EM) field in near field conditions were measured inside an anechoic chamber with a specific absorption rate (SAR) fully automated test...
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