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Central venous stenosis (CVS) and occlusions in the hemodialysis patient are unique clinical problems that arise mainly from previous central venous catheter insertions, particularly from the subclavian vein approach and left-sided approaches [1–4]. As a result of this observation, K/DOQI recommends placement of more permanent venous access and avoiding catheter-based dialysis when possible [5]. Insertion...
Regardless of what intervention is performed, unless the access thromboses, hemostasis remains the final post procedural access issue to deal with. Management partially is dependent on sedation status, puncture hole size, and if thrombolytics and/or heparin were used during interventions. Also, if high flow sheaths have been used for intervention, the patient may be transferred to the dialysis unit...
The cephalic arch represents the portion of the cephalic vein in the shoulder as it traverses the deltopectoral groove, through the clavipectoral fascia, and passes below the clavicle and joins the axillary vein. Occasionally, an accessory cephalic arch is present. Rarely, the cephalic arch empties into the internal or external jugular vein. This area has a particular propensity for stenosis: the...
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