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In the two decades since its discovery neuropeptide Y (NPY) has emerged as a major peptidergic neuromessenger in neuroendocrine regulation, affecting the secretion of every anterior and posterior pituitary hormone. Innervation of these neuroendocrine networks derives from the major NPY cell group in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and from noradrenergic and adrenergic cells in the lower brainstem,...