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Particle swarm optimization has evolved from modeling social systems to applications for security and defense. Engineering applications for estimating battery state of charge and optimizing container port yard planning were among early successes. Applications to the fields of extended analog computing and biomedical engineering are ongoing. A recent focus has emerged in the fields of security and...
This paper concentrates on the issue of what happens to the confidence one has in the justification of one's belief when one discovers an epistemic peer with conflicting higher and/or lower order evidences. Certain symmetries surface during epistemic peer disagreement, which tend to make one less confident. The same happens in religious disagreements. Mostly externalist perspectives are considered...
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