Search results for: Madhavan P. N. Nair

Items from 1 to 12 out of 12 results

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Tunable synthesis solid or hollow Au–Ag nanostructure, assembled with GO and comparative study of their catalytic properties

Lidan Xu, Min Hong, Yongliang Wang, Ming Li, more

Chinese Science Bulletin > 2016 > 61 > 19 > 1525-1535

In this work, we demonstrated a simple and efficacious two-step method for the synthesis of Ag@Au core–shell nanoparticles (Ag@AuNPs) and the Ag/Au hollow nanocages (Ag/AuNCs) with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) as seeds by adjusting pH, and the preparation of hybrid Ag@AuNPs- or Ag/AuNCs-graphene oxide nanocomposites (Ag@AuNPs-GO or Ag/AuNCs-GO) based on the self-assembly. It was noticed from the electrostatic...

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade B and C gp120 differentially induce neurotoxin arachidonic acid in human astrocytes: implications for neuroAIDS

Thangavel Samikkannu, Marisela Agudelo, Nimisha Gandhi, Pichili V. B. Reddy, more

Journal of NeuroVirology > 2011 > 17 > 3 > 230-238

HIV-1 clades (subtypes) differentially contribute to the neuropathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) in neuroAIDS. HIV-1 envelop protein, gp120, plays a major role in neuronal function. It is not well understood how these HIV-1 clades exert these neuropathogenic differences. The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-reduced glutamine synthesis could lead to secretion of neurotoxins such as arachidonic...

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MicroRNA: implications in HIV, a brief overview

Sudheesh Pilakka-Kanthikeel, Zainulabedin M. Saiyed, Jessica Napuri, Madhavan P. N. Nair

Journal of NeuroVirology > 2011 > 17 > 5 > 416-423

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20–22 nucleotide length noncoding RNA molecules that represent key regulators of many normal cellular functions. miRNAs undergo two processing steps which transform a long primary transcript into the mature miRNA. Available literatures demonstrate the association between alterations in the expression of miRNAs and the progression of numerous human disorders. Even though significant...

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade B and C Tat differentially induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and serotonin in immature dendritic cells: Implications for neuroAIDS

Thangavel Samikkannu, Kurapati V. K. Rao, Nimisha Gandhi, Shailendra K. Saxena, more

Journal of NeuroVirology > 2010 > 16 > 4 > 255-263

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is commonly associated with immune dysfunctions and the suppression of antigen-presenting cells. This results in immune alterations, which could lead to impaired neuronal functions, such as neuroAIDS. The neurotoxic factor kynurenine (KYN), the rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), serotonin (5-HT), and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) may...

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Interactive role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade-specific Tat protein and cocaine in blood-brain barrier dysfunction: Implications for HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder

Nimisha Gandhi, Zainulabedin M. Saiyed, Jessica Napuri, Thangavel Samikkannu, more

Journal of NeuroVirology > 2010 > 16 > 4 > 294-305

In recent years, increasing interest has emerged to assess the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade C viral pathogenesis due to its anticipated spread in the United States and other western countries. Previous studies suggest that clade C is less neuropathogenic than clade B; however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Additionally, the interactive role of drugs of abuse such...

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Methamphetamine Enhances HIV-1 Infectivity in Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells

Madhavan P. N. Nair, Zainulabedin M. Saiyed, Narayanan Nair, Nimisha H. Gandhi, more

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology > 2009 > 4 > 1 > 129-139

The US is currently experiencing an epidemic of methamphetamine (Meth) use as a recreational drug. Recent studies also show a high prevalence of HIV-1 infection among Meth users. We report that Meth enhances HIV-1 infectivity of dendritic cells as measured by multinuclear activation of a galactosidase indicator (MAGI) cell assay, p24 assay, and LTR-RU5 amplification. Meth induces increased HIV-1 infection...

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AZT 5′-triphosphate nanoformulation suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Zainulabedin M. Saiyed, Nimisha H. Gandhi, Madhavan P. N. Nair

Journal of NeuroVirology > 2009 > 15 > 4 > 343-347

Inefficient cellular phosphorylation of nucleoside and nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) to their active nucleoside 5′-triphosphate (NTPs) form is one of the limitations for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy. We report herein direct binding of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine-5′-triphosphate (AZTTP) onto magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄; magnetite) due to ionic interaction...

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Methamphetamine Modulates DC-SIGN Expression by Mature Dendritic Cells

Madhavan P. N. Nair, Supriya Mahajan, Don Sykes, Meghana V. Bapardekar, more

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology > 2006 > 1 > 3 > 296-304

We report that methamphetamine (meth) may act as cofactor in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 pathogenesis by increasing dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3) grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) expression on DCs. Mature DCs (MDCs), obtained from normal subjects, cultured with meth show an up-regulation of DC-SIGN gene and protein expression as analyzed by real-time...

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RNAi-directed inhibition of DC-SIGN by dendritic cells: Prospects for HIV-1 therapy

Madhavan P. N. Nair, Jessica L. Reynolds, Supriya D. Mahajan, Stanley A. Schwartz, more

The AAPS Journal > 2005 > 7 > 3 > E572-E578

Drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are increasing globally, especially in North America. Therefore, it is logical to develop new therapies directed against HIV binding molecules on susceptible host cells in addition to current treatment modalities against virus functions. Inhibition of the viral genome can be achieved by degrading or silencing posttranslational genes using...

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Immunological assays for chemokine detection in in-vitro culture of CNS cells

Supriya D. Mahajan, Stanley A. Schwartz, Madhavan P. N. Nair

Biological Procedures Online > 2003 > 5 > 1 > 90-102

Herein we review the various methods currently in use for determining the expression of chemokines by CNS cells in vitro. Chemokine detection assays are used in conjuction with one another to provide a comprehensive, biologically relevant assessment of the chemokines which is necessary for correct data interpretation of a specific observed biological effect. The methods described include bioassays...

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Effector cell mediated cytotoxicity measured by intracellular Granzyme B release in HIV infected subjects

Supriya D. Mahajan, Ravikumar Aalinkeel, Stanley A. Schwartz, Ram P. Chawda, more

Biological Procedures Online > 2003 > 5 > 1 > 182-188

CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity is currently believed to be one of the key immunologic mechanisms responsible for the prevention or attenuation of HIV-1 infection. The induction of CD8+ T cell activation may also result in the production of soluble or non-classical lytic factors that are associated with protection from infection or slower disease progression. Traditionally, CD8+ CTL responses...