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The electronic structure and the effect of defects on the optical properties of magnesium fluoride are studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPES). A deviation from fluorine stoichiometry in MgF2−x is shown to give rise to a long-wavelength shift of the absorption edge. The color of a defective magnesium fluoride caused by the absorption in the range 215–300 nm, low mechanical strength, and...