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We demonstrate herein that hemin–graphene hybrid nanosheets (H–GNs) can differentiate hemin-binding DNA aptamers (i.e., guanine-rich DNA sequences that form G-quadruplex structures upon binding hemin) and nonspecific single-stranded oligonucleotides colorimetrically. By exploiting the tendency of the H–GNS to aggregate under high ionic strength and their inherent catalytic activities, excess H–GNS...