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For the past decade, philosophers of mathematical practice have examined the nature and function of proofs in mathematical practice, most often in mathematical research practice. More recently they have examined how mathematicians assess and get to know a proof not just by reading it, but through active engagement with the proof. For example, mathematicians traverse gaps in the proof by filling in...
The present paper analyses the confluence of agendas held by Danish mathematicians and German refugees from Nazi oppression as they unfolded and shaped the mathematical milieu in Copenhagen during the 1930s. It does so by outlining the initiatives to aid emigrant intellectuals in Denmark and contextualises the few mathematicians who would be aided. For most of those, Denmark would be only a transit...
As a reaction to the changed political landscape in Scandinavia following the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905, the prominent Swedish mathematician Gösta Mittag‐Leffler extended ‘a brotherly hand,’ calling for Scandinavian colleagues to meet for a congress of mathematicians in Stockholm in 1909. This event became the first in a series of biannual meetings which proved to...
During the first half of the nineteenth century, mathematical analysis underwent a transition from a predominantly formula‐centred practice to a more concept‐centred one. Central to this development was the reorientation of analysis originating in Augustin‐Louis Cauchy's (1789–1857) treatment of infinite series in his Cours d’analyse. In this work, Cauchy set out to rigorize analysis, thereby critically...
It may seem odd that Abel, a protagonist of Cauchy's new rigor, spoke of “exceptions” when he criticized Cauchy's theorem on the continuity of sums of continuous functions. However, when interpreted contextually, exceptions appear as both valid and viable entities in the early 19th century. First, Abel's use of the term “exception” and the role of the exception in his binomial paper is documented...
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