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Peripheral arterial chemoreceptors in the carotid body (CB) are modulated by pH/CO2. Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is directly stimulated by bicarbonate ions (HCO3). Because CO2/HCO3 mediates depolarization in chemoreceptors, we hypothesized that sAC mRNA would be expressed in the CB, and its expression and function would be regulated by CO2/HCO3. Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal days 16–17...
The non-specific cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor isobutyl- methylxanthine (IBMX) has been used to manipulate cAMP levels in carotid body (CB) preparations but the characterization of different PDE isoforms in CB has never been performed. PDE4 is one of the PDE families that uses cAMP as a specific substrate and changes its activity and affinity for drug inhibitors according to the degree of...
This paper presents a methodology to estimate voltage stability margin using artificial neural networks (ANN). During the training process, a quasi-steady-state (QSS) simulator is used, so the slow dynamic devices, which are important in the voltage stability assessment, are adequately modelled. The results obtained for a test system have shown the potential benefits of the proposed methodology and...
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