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The menstrual cycle is often conceptualized in the biomedical literature as a unidimensional, biological, and pathological aspect of women’s bodies and health. Feminist social science scholars recognize that the biological event of menstruation is experienced and perceived within a broader sociocultural context. The authors of articles in this special issue address the myriad ways menstruation is...
In this theoretical paper, we argue that menstruation is a source of social stigma for women. The word stigma refers to any stain or mark that renders the individual’s body or character defective. This stigma is transmitted through powerful socialization agents in popular culture such as advertisements and educational materials. We demonstrate, in our review of the psychological literature concerning...
The sexualization of the breast may lead women who internalize the sexual objectification of their bodies to have more negative attitudes toward breastfeeding. The purpose of the present study was to examine self-objectification in relation to young women’s attitudes toward and concerns about breastfeeding. Two hundred and seventy-five female undergraduates completed a survey with questions that assessed...
One hundred nine women faculty in psychology departments at small colleges through the United States responded to a survey about the benefits and challenges of establishing a career at a primarily undergraduate institution with an enrollment of 3,000 or fewer students. Participants reported high teaching and service loads, which made it difficult for them to spend time on their research and writing...
The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of popular press articles about menstrual suppression, a relatively new and controversial health care option. Twenty-two American and Canadian articles, published before the FDA approval of Seasonale, were coded for basic information about and indications for menstrual suppression, viewpoints included, and coverage of risks and benefits. Menstrual...
The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between income and various types and levels of childbirth preparation utilized by women, and to examine the relationship between preparation and childbirth outcomes. Forty-five primiparous women recruited from health care facilities and childbirth preparation classes participated in this study. After the birth of their infants, participants completed scales that measured childbirth preparation, perceived control, satisfaction with childbirth experience, pain perception, and pain medication. Lower income women were less likely than higher income women to attend childbirth preparation classes and more likely to acquire information about childbirth from their mothers. The women experienced similar childbirth outcomes except that lower income women reported higher levels of pain during childbirth. Findings from this study challenge the assumptions that lower and higher income women experience different childbirth outcomes and that women who do not attend classes are “unprepared.” Implications for research and practice include a re-evaluation of the way childbirth education is conceptualized....
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