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Phenomena accompanying the glass transition in nylons 6, 7, 11, and 12 have been studied. They are a calorimetric effect, a change in tensile behaviour, and an orientational transition from a uniplanar-axial to an axial mode in sheets drawn at temperatures below and above Tg. These phenomena were also found at higher temperatures as a result of ageing above room temperature...
The synthesis, rheology, and spinning, as well as the mechanical and morphological properties of high-strength/high-modulus fibres made from lyotropic main chain liquid crystal polymers are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on those polymers that have attained (semi)-commercial status. Quantitative relations observed between the rheological and the spinning parameters, and between the structure and the...
A theory of the tensile strength of oriented polymer fibres is presented. From an analysis of the observed fracture envelope it is shown that the criterion for fracture of the fibre is either a critical shear stress or a critical shear strain. Owing to the chain orientation distribution in the fibre, the initiation of fracture is likely to occur in domains whose symmetry axes have orientation angles...
The yielding phenomenon in the tensile curves of polymer fibres is explained by the onset of a sequential and plastic orientation mechanism of the chains brought about by the resolved shear stress. The proposed simple theory shows that the yield strain in tension and compression varies from 0.5% for highly oriented fibres to about 2.2% for randomly oriented specimens, and that this range is the same...
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