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When formulating the model constraints, special attention must be given to the aggregation of processes to sectors. The aggregation level, however, should not go too far because the model should reflect practical requirements from an engineering point of view. The capital stocks for the water infrastructure will be divided into those for civil work and those for mechanical and electrical equipment...
This book at the intersection of natural sciences, economics, and water engineering aims to reduce the gaps between economic theory, natural sciences, and engineering practice. Based on an extended thermodynamic approach, the authors explain which economic assumptions are acceptable for constructing a dynamic model that is consistent with the natural sciences. In particular, the special role of water...
The integration of water infrastructure into the natural sciences-consistent dynamic models is guided by two case studies. The first case study deals with the contamination problems of the Leuna aquifer. The problems were caused by past activities and can only be solved using external technological intervention because the aquifer has an extraordinarily low self-purification capability for the specific...
The model structure is extended by introducing capital stocks with innovation properties for the water production and distribution sector and for the wastewater collection and treatment sectors. Besides water saving strategies and wastewater collection rate improvements, the increase in the energy efficiency will also be connected to the development of these capital stocks. The development of the...
Economic transformation processes, specifically the extraction of non-renewable natural resources for production and reproduction activities, are irreversible. The entropy notion of classic thermodynamics and its equivalent in information theory can be applied to derive the relations between free energy, useful work (exergy), unusable work (anergy) and changes in the concentrations of desired raw...
The optimality concept is focused on deriving the so-called non-profit conditions. These non-profit conditions are expressed in the form of actual and inter-temporal marginal costs for producing the desired quantity of the consumption good and the associated water and generated wastewater amounts. These marginal costs are based on the shadow prices for the two essential input factors, the human labour...
Some restrictions are introduced based on the theoretical foundations and the general design. These restrictions deal with the timing and model structure, the number of desired goods and un-avoidable by products, and the process coefficients. Apart from the energy requirements for extracting raw materials from the natural environment and for producing water and treating wastewater, the relation of...
This book at the intersection of natural sciences, economics, and water engineering aims to reduce the gaps between economic theory, natural sciences, and engineering practice. Based on an extended thermodynamic approach, the authors explain which economic assumptions are acceptable for constructing a dynamic model that is consistent with the natural sciences. In particular, the special role of water...
The model constraints for the flow variables are introduced for the consumption good amounts and the required raw materials. The constraints for the water, wastewater, and energy amounts are formulated as well as those for sustaining and developing the capital stock variable. The relation between the human labour inputs and the capital stock reflects the technological progress within the model. The...
Water plays a special role in dynamic water use and water infrastructure models because it is involved in both production and reproduction activities. The extraction of required raw materials, which are combined to create desired consumption and capital goods, generates inter-temporal concentration changes of non-renewable resources in the natural environment. Increasing amounts of water are needed...
The optimality conditions are formulated as non-profit conditions. They are expressed as actual and inter-temporal marginal costs for human labour and energy inputs for the production sector and for the water and wastewater sectors. These marginal costs depend on the development path of the consumption goods, which are accompanied by structural changes that are caused by innovation effects within...
This book at the intersection of natural sciences, economics, and water engineering aims to reduce the gaps between economic theory, natural sciences, and engineering practice. Based on an extended thermodynamic approach, the authors explain which economic assumptions are acceptable for constructing a dynamic model that is consistent with the natural sciences. In particular, the special role of water...
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