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Orogenic (Gr. Oros means mountain and genic means birth) belts or orogens are some of the most prominent tectonic features of continents. These terms are, however, not synonymous to Mountain belt which is a geographic term referring to areas of high and rugged topography. Surely, mountain belts are also orogenic belts but not all orogenic belts are mountains. In this book, the orogenic belts, also...
The Singhbhum fold belt (SFB) or Singhbhum Mobile belt, also called North Singhbhum belt (Saha, 1994) in eastern India is sandwiched between the Singhbhum craton in the south and Chhotanagpur Granite-Gneiss terrain (CGGC) in the north (Fig. 6.1). Although slightly curvilinear, the fold belt has nearly E-W strike like that of the Satpura fold belt (Chap. 5) and is believed to have evolved in the Proterozoic...
The Indian shield is made up of a mosaic of Precambrian metamorphic terrains that exhibit low to high-grade crystalline rocks in the age range of 3.6–2.6 Ga. These terrains, constituting the continental crust, attained tectonic stability for prolonged period (since Precambrian time) and are designated cratons. The cratons are flanked by a fold belt, with or without a discernible suture or shear zone,...
With the basic concept of plate tectonics and mountain building processes discussed in Chap. 1, we now attempt to understand the evolution of the fold belts or mobile belts or orogenic belts in light of the plate tectonics theory. We believe that orogenic belts, being fold-thrust belts, formed at convergent margins where the adjacent plates had moved toward each other and collided. These margins are...
The Aravalli mountain of Rajasthan, western India, has NE-SW orographic trend and runs for over 700 km through the States of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. This belt is made up of Proterozoic supracrustal rocks of the Aravalli and Delhi Supergroups, which are distinct from each other in their deformational and metamorphic history. These Proterozoic supracrustals were deposited on the Archaean...
The fold belts of the central Indian region are sandwiched between the Rajasthan-Bundelkhand craton in the north and the Bastar craton in the south. The age of 3.3 Ga of the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) rocks in these adjacent cratons of Bastar and Rajasthan-Bundelkhand (Bandyopadhyay et al., 1990) suggests that these continental nuclei once united to form a mosaic in northern Indian peninsula,...
Pandyan Mobile Belt (PMB) is the name given by Ramakrishnan (1993, 1988) to the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) situated to the south of the E-W trending Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zone (PCSZ) (Fig. 8.1). The name Pandyan is adopted after the legendary dynasty that ruled this part of South India in the historical past. Interestingly, the SGT has been defined variously by different workers. According to...
The Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB) derives its name from the mountain of Eastern Ghats in the east coast of India. Apart from reconnaissance survey by individual geologists (C.S. Middlemiss, T.L. Walker, L.L. Fermor, V. Ball), the Geological Survey of India provided a geological map of the EGMB on 1:50,000 scale in later part of the 20th century and also gave periodical reviews in its Reports (see...
Cratons and Fold Belts of India, is a unique attempt at presenting geological characteristics and evolution of the fold belts and the cratonic areas of the Indian shield. The author has evaluated the different evolutionary models for each fold belt in light of all the currently available geological and geochronological informations that are clearly listed. Shortcomings, if any, of each model are...
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