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The goal of this paper is to review, systematize and critically discuss the approaches that have been proposed so far for grid transmission expansion in HVDC systems. In particular, the paper will focus on the special planning requirements of offshore HVDC grids, which have been seldom addressed by available literature. This contribution will first highlight how traditional expansion planning approaches...
This paper demonstrates a comparative study of two well-known Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms in photovoltaic (PV) plants based on Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC). The Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique which is widely deployed throughout industry is considered for the comparison evaluation together with the Ripple Correlation Control (RCC) strategy. The efficiency of entire...
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