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The calculation of the maximum permissible optical energy for two scanning patterns of miniaturized scanning LiDAR systems is presented. The scanning patterns are selected to be suitable for next generation systems based on MEMS mirrors and Optical Phased Arrays alike. Two different wavelengths are compared. Based on the current version of the laser safety standard IEC 60825-1 the maximum energy is...
We present a digital implementation of a correlation receiver for pulsed CDMA lidar signals in direct-time-of-flight systems. A coded time-of-flight lidar is capable to identify its own signals and to reject state-of-the-art uncoded or differently coded pulses. The required sampling rate of the system ADC is determined. For processing the digitized receive signal a correlation filter realized in FPGA...
We present the application of optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) modulation based on optical orthogonal codes for automotive time-of-flight light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system sensors using avalanche photodiode (APD) detectors. The modulation opens the possibility to discriminate single laser transmissions. This allows the realization of additional features like enhancing the systems’...
An alternative method to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of scanning LiDAR systems based on avalanche photo diodes with high requirements on signal quality, angular resolution, field-of-view and range is presented. Limitations of established methods for use in miniaturized, cost sensitive systems are highlighted. With minimum changes of the traditional laser driver setup and the introduction of...
The influence of rain on pulsed LiDAR systems with a miniaturized aperture and small laser beam cross sections was investigated based on two situations deemed critical to the system's performance. Firstly, discrete rain drops appearing very close to the laser aperture could lead to a complete deflection of the laser beam when the drop and the beam overlap. However, our semi-probabilistic, semi-analytical...
A new approach to non-invasive blood parameter measuring is presented, which consists of two matched antennas for transmission based two port measurements. The current situation of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and their need for novel blood sugar level measuring techniques is presented. Dielectric properties of body tissues are reviewed and their influence on transmission properties are...
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