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We study the scattering of a vegetation canopy consisting of a large number of thin cylindrical scatterers using Numerical Maxwell Model in 3D Simulations (NMM3D). The full wave approach for solving Maxwell equations is based on the Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations (FL) combined with the Method of Moments for bodies of revolution (BOR). The accuracy of the method FL-BOR is first validated by...
We have been engaged in Numerical Solutions of Maxwell equations (NMM3D) for more than fifteen years [1-2]. In this paper, we report on the recent progress of NMM3D on random rough surfaces and discrete random media and their applications in active and passive microwave remote sensing. The random rough surface models were applied to soil surfaces and ocean surfaces. The discrete random media models...
In vegetated surface scattering, the physical values of optical thickness and scattering albedo both increase with frequency. At C-band, because of the attenuation due to large optical thickness, the distorted Born approximation gives negligible values for the surface scattering term and double bounce term. Because of the smallness of these two terms, the distorted Born approximation gives results...
Active and passive microwave remote sensing of snow have been studied with the same physical model of the Quasi-crystalline Approximation and the Dense Media Radiative Transfer (QCA-DMRT) Equation. The salient features of the model include a weaker frequency dependence and a stronger forward scattering than Rayleigh phase matrix for the same grain size. In this paper, we develop retrieval algorithms...
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