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Cross-entropy (CE) based stopping criteria is known for its early termination capability of the turbo decoding iterations without scarifying its performance, in terms of bit error rate (BER). This advantage, however, performs well in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) albeit requiring infinite iterations at low SNR, thereby resulting in more unwanted computations and decoding delays. In this paper,...
Managing resources in wireless communication is a crucial task to ensure demand is satisfied at a minimal operational cost. This includes managing constraints such as co-frequency, adjacent frequency and co-site so that interference is avoided. Any occurrence of interference will affect the quality of communication conducted between parties involved. Therefore, a good and efficient method is required...
Most of the turbo decoding stopping criteria assume perfect channel reliability available at the receiver since they require a threshold based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) information. However, operational environments can vary according to frame sizes, code structures and channel reliability requirements, further aggravating the difficulty in threshold determination and convergence or non-convergence...
Measurement of reliability (MOR) stopping criterion is able to terminate early in the low and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while maintaining the bit error rate (BER) performance. However, the performance of MOR is only based on one code structure and hence, the robustness of MOR is still unknown in turbo iterative decoding. Thus, this paper will test the robustness of MOR based on the following...
The Cross-Entropy-based (CE-based) stopping criteria advantage is able to terminate early in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while maintain the bit error rate (BER) performance. Unfortunately, the criteria fails to cope with low SNR region and make the decoder iterates until maximum or infinite iteration. This paper proposed an early termination technique at low SNR for the CE-based stopping...
The invention of turbo codes has attracted many researchers to explore various fields regarding turbo codes since it provides better error rate performance compared to the existing codes. Good error rate performance gives a penalty to the complexity of the codes. It includes the complexity of decoding algorithm and iterative decoding. This paper reviews the history of turbo codes and its structures...
This paper describes the performance of singular value decomposition (SVD) estimation techniques for multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) of ultra-wideband (UWB) system in Saleh-Valenzuela channel modelling. The performance of SVD estimation is compared against LS and MMSE methods corresponding to zero-padded of a UWB system. The crucial limitation in UWB system is strictly...
Islamic financial markets are still at infant stage in Malaysian economy, thus have created dual financial systems; Shariah-compliant and conventional financial system. Capital structure determinants of Shariah-compliant (SC) and conventional companies (CC) might be different due to restriction placed on capital structure and business activities of an SC. The aim of this research is to disclose the...
This paper presents simulation of baseband modem for Digital Baseband Signal Processor (DBSP) with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). The research focuses on QAM with different M-ary schemes which are 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM and 256-QAM. The baseband modem is tested in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and the performance of QAM schemes are then compared in term of Bit Error Rate (BER)...
This paper presents the implementation of Phase Shift Keying (PSK) baseband modem on Digital Signal Processor (DSP). Different level of PSK modulation schemes were used which were 16-psk, 32-psk, 64-psk, 128-psk and 256-psk. MATLAB simulink software was used in this project to simulate the system. The system model consisted of modulator, demodulator, noise channel and channel coding. Noise channel...
This paper presents a prototype of the channel coding algorithms with a baseband modem for TMS320C6713 implementation purpose. It is essential to use channel coding in baseband signal in order to reduce the error of the received signal. In this study, convolutional code (CC) is selected to be the type of channel coding and Viterbi decoder for decoding method. The parameters that have been analyzed...
This paper describes a review on mapping or modulation techniques used in multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) in ultra-wideband (UWB) channel. QAM, BPSK and QPSK modulation techniques are commonly used in this system due to their smooth power spectrum, low bit error rate (BER) and low receiver complexity. The new constant envelop modulation technique is proposed since it...
In the research field of Wireless Sensor Networks, how to reduce the energy consumption of WSN so that the lifetime of WSN can be prolonged is one of the hottest spots. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) lifetime is either superficial or impractical, which prevents us from thoroughly understanding the efficiency of these proposed routing protocols. Routing protocols have significant impact on the overall...
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