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In this paper, novel two loop architecture of ring type voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with low phase noise and low power dissipation in 0.18 µm CMOS technology is presented. To reduce phase noise and power dissipation, transistors in sub-feedback loop are operated in linear and cut off region and transistors in main loop of inverter are designed for fast switching with large voltage swing to...
We apply retrospective cost model refinement to parameter estimation in a nonlinear partial differential equation. Specifically, for the scalar Burgers equation, we estimate the viscosity from measurements of flow velocity at a single grid point. We also consider the analogous problem for a modified Burgers equation as a proxy for a large eddy simulation to estimate a parameter that relates subgrid-scale...
Retrospective cost adaptive control (RCAC) is a discrete-time adaptive control algorithm for stabilization, command following, and disturbance rejection. RCAC requires knowledge of the nonminimum-phase (NMP) zeros in the transfer function from the control input to the performance variable. This knowledge is embedded in the target model used to define the retrospective performance variable. Without...
We use retrospective cost adaptive control (RCAC) to control the thrust generated by a scramjet. A quasi-one-dimensional version of the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations of compressible fluid flow with heat release is used to model the physics of the scramjet. First, we study the dynamic behavior of the scramjet model. Then, we apply system identification techniques to fit a linear...
The Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM) is a relatively new model that describes the new-Earth space environment in a different way than many of the other existing coupled models. First, it uses an altitude grid that stretches from 100 km to 500–800 km depending on F10.7, with roughly 1/3 scale-height resolution. Second, it solves the more-complete momentum equation in the vertical direction...
Pseudo ternary coding is a way to encode binary data into signals of three levels say, V, 0, -V. Line coding ensures that the encoded data is suitable for transmission on the channel. There are various line coding techniques, some of which provide distinctive advantage in terms of synchronization capabilities, eliminating the DC component, reducing the Baud rate and so on. We propose pseudo ternary...
Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth occupying the position in the maxillary anterior region. This additional tooth structure may cause disturbance in eruption or position of the adjacent teeth. About 8–25% of supernumerary teeth in the anterior region erupt spontaneously. Un-erupted supernumerary teeth are incidentally identified on a routine radiographic examination. Dens invaginatus is a rare tooth...
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